Most of the game’s popularity is caused by simple rules, the speed of the game and the most simple card counting strategy. However, the popularity of the game is not won once. Gambling houses of the United States had to stimulate interest in playing different types of bonuses and the variety of rules blackjack.
It is believed that the predecessor of the game was a card game «vingt-et-un» («twenty-one”), which appeared in the French gambling establishments around the XIX century. In Russia, for example, blackjack is still often referred to as twenty-one or a point. (But the point of the traditional game rules are somewhat different.
The terms
Player
playing at a table against the casino.
Dealer
casino employee acting as the cards are dealt.
Hand
a set of cards a player or the dealer. Typically, rules of the casino players are prohibited to touch their cards.
Tracking (Tracking)
tracking the location of player cards in the game, using the information in the next shuffle.
Shuffle (Shuffle)
full “game loop” that begins with mixing decks, and ending the split output card.
Shuz (born shoe – shoe)
Special tool for card games in the casino. The deck is shuffled and inserted into shuz from which then goes to the distribution of cards.
The chip (born chip)
a small flat object round, square or octagonal shape, which was written his denomination, can be exchanged for cash at the casino cashier.
Regulations
Mistakenly believed that the goal is to score as many points, but not more than 21. In fact, the goal – to beat the dealer.
Play from one to eight decks. Because the probability of a combination of blackjack with a larger number of decks below, the player’s advantage decreases with an increase in the number of decks. When playing with a shuffle machine assume that you have an infinite deck. At the end of the party, when she was about a third card (the exact value sets the dealer by placing a special card in the so-called. “Shuz” on the eye), shuffled deck. When playing single deck often mixed after each game.
The values of each card points, from two to ten – respectively from 2 to 10, at the Ace – 1 or 11 (11 until the total amount is not more than 21, then 1), at the so-called. pictures (King, Queen, Jack) – 10.
If the player and dealer number of points equal to the hands, such a situation is called a “level” is often a casino is called the “Stein” – from the English. stay, in English it sounds like Push (Push). In such a situation, all remain at their rates, no one wins and no one loses. While a variety of casinos may be exceptions and “Pouchet” wins the casino.
Players bet by placing chips in the appropriate fields of the table. Bets are placed before the cards are dealt. Once the first card is dealt, players are prohibited from making bets and touch their chips.
The dealer deals the cards (usually one or two decks of cards, but most of shuza containing four or more decks): two cards to each player, currently giving away a card (in the U.S. decided to distribute dealer two cards, one of which is open, and the other – closed, there is on the table face down.) All cards are opened at once (visible and the dealer and the player).
If the player immediately after the deal had accumulated 21 points (ie, the player ace and 10 or an ace and a picture), this situation is called blackjack. In this case, the player once the win 3 to 2 (ie, 1.5 times its bid). The exception is when the dealer’s first card (open) 10 catches, a picture, or an ace. In this case, there is a chance that the dealer will also blackjack so the player with blackjack is offered either take win 1 to 1 (only if the dealer’s first card – the ace), or wait until the game Law (in the case if dealer does not have blackjack, to get the win 3 to 2)
Next, the players who have not blackjack, it is proposed to choose either to take another card (in which case the player must tell the dealer “map” or “more”), or to remain at those cards (and of the total points), who in his hand (in this case, the player must tell the dealer “sufficient” or “enough”).
As a general rule, if a player after taking a new card in the amount of turns 21, the dealer does not ask more of it and goes to the next player.
If a player after taking a new card total score exceeds 21, then it is considered a “bust”. The dealer says “a lot” and removes the player’s bet in favor of the casino.
If the dealer in the first two cards is typed 21 points (Blackjack), all players (except for those who have too blackjack) lose. Those who have blackjack, remain at their rates, if they have not chosen to take the prize of 1 to 1, or if you do not have insured his combination of blackjack.
In some cases, depending on which card in the hands of the player, the dealer may offer additional options to it (see below).
Once all players have completed the draw cards, the dealer says “Me” and deal the cards yourself. The general rule blackjack is that the dealer is obliged to stop, he gets 17 points or higher, and is obliged to take until it reaches (even if not everyone got over fewer points). Different casinos may vary rule whether the dealer to stay in the situation, if an ace and six (ie, 7 or 17 points on the hand). This is generally written on the table.
Variations
Base: on the one exposed card dealer and one hidden (hole card)
Europe: the dealer takes the second card after all players have finished dialing. If the dealer has blackjack, the player returns all additional bets (except for “insurance”)
On the basis of blackjack created numerous versions of which have their own names such as blackjack in the open (Double Exposure), Three Card Blackjack (3 Card Blackjack), blackjack switch (Blackjack Switch), Spanish 21 (Spanish 21) 21 Caribbean (Caribbean 21), a super fan 21 (Super Fun 21) Pontoon (Pontoon), etc.
Additional rules
Split
If a player has two cards of the hand of the same value (ie, 2, 2, 3, 3, etc., as well as two images even unequal, for example, Queen and King), the dealer offers the player a split, then a partition one arm in two. In this case, the player makes a bet on a game table, equal to the previous one, the dealer separates the cards into two hands, hands out to each one card and the player continues to play as if it was originally made two bets (played for two). The only exception is the case when split a pair of Aces, in which case the player to aces dealt one card, then he can not take cards, but can peresplitovat aces (often splitovat aces allowed only once). If the second hand of cards again formed a pair, the dealer offers the player splitovat again (in the rules or the limited number of Splitting or not, but the number of splitting aces negotiated separately).
Double
The player can double down and still get exactly one more card. Some casinos is permitted only when a player on the arm 10 or 11 (or in some cases even 9 points).
Some casinos allow a player to double after splitting.
Triple
The player can again deliver a bet equal to the original, after having made double. And get another card.
Sarendo
Some rules of blackjack player is allowed to take off half of his bet after the deal the first two cards if the player thinks his bad set of cards (separate rules stipulate sarenda against open ace, the dealer).
Insurance
If the dealer’s up card is the first ace, the dealer can offer players the insurance blackjack. The player, in case of agreement, puts additional insurance bet equal to half of the original. If the dealer will blackjack, the player loses his bet game, but he is paid insurance in the amount of 2 to 1.
Special versions of the game
In some cases, the casino may offer the player some embodiments the game.
Pair of aces
In some casinos (very rarely) a pair of aces after the deal beats any other combination, even at blackjack.
777
The rule according to which the player with 21 points from three sevens (777) receives a bonus.
Suited Blackjack
Sometimes a combination of blackjack, consisting of an ace and desyatiochkovoe cards of the same suit pays 2 to 1.
Maximum cards
Some casinos are allowed (and the players and the dealer) to have on hand, no more than 5 cards. This combination of benefits (after blackjack).
17 +4
In the case of the game with a 36-card deck, that is, without twos, threes, fours, fives, jacks count as 2 points, ladies – for the 3 kings – for 4. In this case, the above situation does not apply, but uses a different: a combination of the five images (and nothing else) on the hand is assumed to be blackjack. This version of the game in the casino is not practiced. It is essential for a home game in the ass.
Side bets
Many casinos diversify the game, allowing the player to make a variety of side bets. Side bet is in addition to the core and in most cases does not depend on the outcome of the game at the basic rate. Examples of popular side bets are:
Ideal couples (Perfect Pairs) – bet that the first two cards a player comes steam.
Bet on the Jackpot – plays if the player and the dealer are dealt cards in four comes from two aces, the jackpot is paid for four aces of the same color.
High-low 13 (HiLo 13) – the rate whether the sum of the first two cards the player is less than or equal to 13 points.
Bet on the bonus – play if the first two cards a player receives suited cards.
Counting cards
Usually made a few hands of a single deck (or set of decks – shuz). That is, the cards do not come back every once in a pack and it does not mix. Therefore, unlike most other casino game, the probability of the game outcomes in blackjack depends previous games. The player leading counting published maps can significantly improve their chances, and even, under certain conditions, give yourself an advantage in the game. The strategy is to make small bets when the probability of winning is low and high, when the chances of winning are high.
Security Services casinos are trying to identify the players involved in counting the cards and if local laws permit, forbid them access to the casino. We are taking other measures, such as increasing the number of decks in shuze, cutting deck is forbidden to raise (increase) their bets. In addition, the casino employees can do to count cards and mix deck when the probability of winning players is too big.
This technique became the basis for the game story the movie “21″ (in Russian cinemas – “Twenty-one”), inspired by the reality of the events.
The film used a system of counting the “plus-minus”.
This system was proposed in 1963 by Harvey Dubner (in English). [Source not specified 743 days] As in the system a dozen bills, each card coming out of the deck, given its numeric value:
